Air Freight Terminology 101 – What Is Air Freight?

Introduction to Air Freight

In the intricate web of global commerce, air freight stands out as a critical component. It involves the transportation of goods via aircraft, which can be either commercial airliners or planes dedicated to cargo. This mode of transport is celebrated for its rapid and dependable delivery, making it a top choice for both domestic and international shipments.

Advantages of Air Freight

Air freight trumps ocean freight in speed and simplicity. It’s the go-to option for items that are either lightweight, of high value and need secure handling, or require swift delivery. For instance, electronics, pharmaceuticals, and fashion items often travel by air to meet tight market deadlines. Although sea freight is preferred for heavier items like machinery or bulk commodities, air freight can accommodate such loads when time is of the essence.

Key Players in Air Freight

• Shipper: This could be a manufacturer or a retailer responsible for sending the goods. They ensure the products are ready for shipment and comply with shipping regulations.
• Air Carrier: Airlines that transport the goods. They offer various service levels based on speed and cost.
• Air Freight Forwarder: They are the logistics experts, organizing the shipment and negotiating the best rates and routes with carriers.
• Commercial Passenger Aircraft & Chartered Aircraft: These aircrafts carry cargo in addition to passengers or are exclusively chartered for cargo.
• Customs Broker: Specialists in navigating the complexities of customs regulations, ensuring shipments comply with all legal requirements.
• Consignee or Buyer: The final recipient of the shipment, often a business or individual in a different country.

Essential Documentation

• Airway Bill (AWB): The main document used in air freight, akin to a ticket for the cargo.
• Bill of Lading: A legal document between the shipper and carrier, detailing the type, quantity, and destination of the goods.
• Cargo Insurance Certificate: Proof of insurance coverage for the goods during transit.
• Packing List: Details everything in the shipment, including weight and dimensions.
• Commercial Invoice: Lists the goods and their value, used for customs clearance.
• Certificate of Origin: Specifies where the goods were manufactured.
• Shipper Letter of Instruction: Instructions from the shipper to the carrier or forwarder.
• Export Permit or License: Required for certain goods, ensuring compliance with export regulations.

Types of Air Freight Services

• Consolidated Freight: This service pools together shipments from multiple shippers into one flight. It’s cost-effective but may have longer transit times. For example, small businesses often use this service to ship goods internationally without bearing the full cost of a dedicated cargo flight.
• Direct Service: Ideal for urgent or high-priority shipments, this service is faster and gives the shipper more control over their cargo. It’s perfect for time-sensitive goods like fresh produce or critical machinery parts.
• Chartered: Offers the utmost flexibility and control, suitable for oversized cargo, high-value items, or sensitive equipment. It’s more expensive but ensures tailored handling and scheduling.

Cost Considerations

The cost of air freight is influenced by factors like the shipment’s weight and volume, the nature of the goods (fragile, hazardous, perishable), distance, and urgency. Special handling, such as for temperature-sensitive pharmaceuticals, also adds to the cost.

Categories of Air Cargo

• General Cargo: Regular items that don’t require special handling, like books, clothing, or electronics.
• Special Cargo: Includes goods that need specific conditions, such as live animals, perishable food items, or hazardous chemicals.

Compliance and Regulations

Adhering to IATA regulations is crucial, especially for dangerous goods. These rules ensure safe and compliant transportation of diverse cargo types.

Conclusion and Contact Information

For more insights or to book air freight services, reach out to Dedola Global Logistics, experts in air and ocean shipments, serving a wide range of industries globally.